The World As a Hologram chords by Kill The Giants
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Verse 1
(C major) (G major) The area of the horizon (A minor) in
Planck units.
The con (F major) clusion is remarkable.
(C major) The maximum amount of inform (G major) ation that
can be held in a (A minor) region of space, this room,
(F major) is proportional to the area
(C major) of the walls of the room.
(G major) It is as if the walls of (A minor) the room were
divided (F major) up into little tiny pixels,
one (C major) clock area on a side, (G major) and everything in the room could
(A minor) be described by knowing what was going (F major) on in those pixels.
(C major) That's the argument. (G major)
It's as simple as that. (A minor)
And the conclusion of (F major) it is that (C major) you can describe a region of (G major) space,
any region of space, (A minor) by data on (F major) the surface as if it (C major) were a hologram.
The (G major) maximum amount of information on a (A minor) re gion
of space is proportional to (C major) the area (F major) of the region. (C major)
I like (G major) to say that the world is a (A minor) pixelated world
and not a box (F major) -oriented world. (C major)
Let's move on, (G major) we have a few more minutes yet,
I think. (A minor)
Let's talk about (F major) cosmology.
The reason I want to talk about cos (C major) mology is because
there (G major) is another sense in (A minor) which the world is a whole.
(F major) A closely related sense,
a very closely (C major) related sense. (G major)
There are other kinds of horizon (A minor) s in the
world besides black hole hori (F major) zons.
(C major) Let me explain to you the oth (G major) er kind
of horizons that cos (A minor) mologists,
real (F major) cosmologists, not half cosmologist (C major) s,
are constantly (G major) concerned about.
An (A minor) d, uh, I'll show you how
(F major) they play into (C major) the story.
Okay, let (G major) me (A minor) give you a mod (F major) el
for the way the universe (C major) works.
It's another fishy (G major) ex ample,
another fishy story. (A minor)
It has to (F major) do with the way the
universe expands. (C major)
It has to do with the way the (G major) universe
accelerates (A minor) as it expands.
(F major) Let's go back to the lake.
(C major) Let's take away the drain hole.
We're (G major) not interested in the black
hole anymore. (A minor)
It's (C major) there, it may, there's (F major) black holes all over the place,
but let's just take (C major) a break.
They're not interesting,
but there's something new. (G major)
The lake (A minor) is being fed (C major) from underneath
(F major) by a uniform collec (C major) tion of pipes.
And (G major) these pipes are bringing in... (A minor)
I (C major) see
(F major) Dick laughing.
...are bringing (C major) in new wa (G major) ter.
What is the (A minor) effect of this new water (C major) ?
The effect (F major) of this new water is to cause the (C major) puddle to,
(G major) you know, to ex (A minor) pand, (C major) to grow, (F major) to stretch.
Por (C major) tions of it will separate
from (G major) other portions.
And the (A minor) effect of it on these (C major) fish,
incidentally, (F major) this is
Bob, (C major) (G major) this is
Alice, (C major) (A minor) an d this (C major) is
Charlie over here.
(F major) But
Charlie has nothing to do
with anything. (C major) (G major)
The water (A minor) is being pumped (C major) in,
and as the (F major) wa ter is being pumped in, the lake spread (C major) s.
In fact, (G major) the way the lake spreads, if you work it out (A minor) ,
is it spreads out (C major) accord (F major) ing to
a law that the further (C major) apart that you are,
(G major) the faster you will be separ (A minor) ating.
This (C major) is called
(F major) Hubble's
Law, but this is a special (C major) case of
Hubble's
Law, which is
(G major) called the
Accelerated
Expanding
(A minor) Universe. (C major) (F major)
Now,
Bob (C major) is sitting there,
and he's communicating with (G major)
Alice.
(A minor) But
Alice is (C major) being dragged along (F major) by the flow,
and so she's (C major) separating away from
Bob. (G major)
(A minor) Eventually, a (C major) point will (F major) come.
(C major) Now what happens? (G major)
Well, she passes (A minor) a point of no return. (F major)
The point of no return does (C major) not have
to do now with inflow (G major) ing fluid.
It has to do (A minor) with outflowing fluid
from (C major) the point (F major) of view of
Bob.
At some point, (C major) the fluid is flowing
outward (G major) relative to him,
faster (A minor) than the speed of sound,
at some distance.
(F major) And at that point, (C major) when
Alice crosses that (G major) point,
she (A minor) can no longer communicate with
Bob. (F major)
She has passed through, (C major)
let's call it an (G major) external horizon.
(A minor) It does not have to do with
an inflow (F major) and a drain hole.
It (C major) has to do with an outflow
and (G major) ex (A minor) pansion. (F major)
(C major) Well, (G major) this is exactly the way the (A minor)
universe that we know works.
(F major) It is ex (C major) panding.
It's expanding with (G major) the same pattern of accelera
(A minor) tion as if it were being (F major) fed new space, (C major)
as if space were constantly (G major)
being replenished,
therefore (A minor) being pushed apart,
(F major) and it has a horizon.
(C major) Each person has (G major) their own private horizon,
(A minor) namely the region around (F major) them,
which is moving away (C major) from them with
slower than the speed (G major) of light.
That region they can see what's
beyond it they can't see.
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